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Amendments in Indian Constitution Provisions
The Constitution of India has provisions for amending its various provisions, ensuring its relevance and adaptability to changing times. The amendment process involves a rigorous procedure, requiring either a two-thirds majority in both houses of Parliament or a simple majority plus ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.
Since its adoption in 1950, the Constitution has been amended over 100 times, addressing evolving needs and challenges faced by the country.
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How should sensitive data be handled and stored?
For managing sensitive data Only collect as much sensitive or personal information as needed for your research project Data that contains personal or sensitive information should be treated with higher levels of security than non-sensitive data. Copies of personal data should be kept to a minimum inRead more
For managing sensitive data
See lessOnly collect as much sensitive or personal information as needed for your research project
Data that contains personal or sensitive information should be treated with higher levels of security than non-sensitive data.
Copies of personal data should be kept to a minimum in order to reduce risk of disclosure or unauthorised access.
Where possible, identifiable data should be anonymised. The GDPR does not apply to anonymised data but best practice for handling sensitive data should still be followed. The UK Data Service have published guidance on anonymising quantitative and qualitative data
If data have been pseudonymised (i.e. where information that identifies an individual is replaced by a code), the code key should be kept in a separate location
Any sensitive data stored on portable media or personal devices should be password protected or encrypted.
Access to devices, files or servers containing sensitive or personal data should be responsibly managed and regularly reviewed.
Always transfer sensitive or confidential data securely (Sharing files)
A plan for the timely and necessary deletion of personal information should be put together at the start of any project and included in your data management plan. Imperial ICT can be consulted about methods for ensuring permanent deletion of sensitive information.
What make fundamental rights different for Armed forces of India?
In India, the fundamental rights for armed forces personnel differ significantly from those enjoyed by civilians due to the unique nature of their duties and the need for discipline and efficiency in the military. The Constitution of India provides these distinctions to maintain the integrity and efRead more
In India, the fundamental rights for armed forces personnel differ significantly from those enjoyed by civilians due to the unique nature of their duties and the need for discipline and efficiency in the military. The Constitution of India provides these distinctions to maintain the integrity and effectiveness of the armed forces.
For instance, Article 33 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Parliament to restrict or abrogate the fundamental rights of members of the armed forces to ensure proper discharge of their duties and maintain discipline. This means that rights such as freedom of speech, association, and assembly can be curtailed. A soldier, unlike a civilian, cannot join a political party or participate in a protest march, as it might compromise military discipline and cohesion.
A practical example of this is the restriction on freedom of speech and expression. Armed forces personnel are prohibited from openly criticizing government policies or actions, which is permissible for civilians. This restriction ensures that the armed forces remain apolitical and focused on national security.
Similarly, the right to form associations or unions is limited for military personnel. This prevents the formation of groups that could disrupt the chain of command and operational effectiveness, essential for the swift and decisive actions required in military operations.
These restrictions highlight the balance between safeguarding individual rights and ensuring the collective security and operational readiness of the nation’s armed forces, showcasing the unique demands placed on those who serve in uniform.
See lessHow can we effectively safeguard a constitution against amendments that might undermine fundamental rights
Effectively safeguarding a constitution against amendments that could undermine fundamental rights requires a combination of legal, institutional, and societal measures: Strong Fundamental Principles: Ensure that fundamental rights are enshrined as core principles that cannot be amended easily or wiRead more
Effectively safeguarding a constitution against amendments that could undermine fundamental rights requires a combination of legal, institutional, and societal measures:
By implementing these measures, a constitution can be fortified against amendments aimed at undermining fundamental rights, ensuring its enduring protection and relevance in safeguarding democratic principles and individual liberties.
See lessWhat were the main reasons behind the rise and fall of the Roman Empire?
The rise and fall of the Roman Empire can be attributed to several key factors. Initially, its rise was propelled by a combination of effective governance, military prowess, engineering innovations (such as roads and aqueducts), and a strategic expansionist policy that allowed it to accumulate vastRead more
The rise and fall of the Roman Empire can be attributed to several key factors. Initially, its rise was propelled by a combination of effective governance, military prowess, engineering innovations (such as roads and aqueducts), and a strategic expansionist policy that allowed it to accumulate vast territories and resources. The Roman military, organized and disciplined, ensured territorial stability and facilitated economic growth through trade and agriculture across its vast domain. However, internal factors such as political corruption, economic instability due to over-reliance on slave labor and the depletion of resources, and societal decay including declining moral values contributed to its eventual decline. External pressures such as invasions by barbarian tribes, particularly in the 5th century AD, further weakened the empire’s defenses and contributed to its fragmentation. Additionally, administrative inefficiency and the division of the empire into Western and Eastern halves weakened its ability to respond cohesively to external threats. Ultimately, the combination of internal weaknesses and external pressures led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, although the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire continued for nearly a millennium thereafter
See lessAsses the impact of the 42nd Amendment Act on constitution of India. How did it change the balance of power between central and state government ?
The 42nd Amendment Act was enacted during the emergency period of 1976 by the government of India & then prime minister Indira Gandhi . Due to several important changes in “42nd Amendment Act’’ this is also called the “ Constitution Act ” . Often referred to as a mini constitution. So, this AmenRead more
The 42nd Amendment Act was enacted during the emergency period of 1976 by the government of India & then prime minister Indira Gandhi . Due to several important changes in “42nd Amendment Act’’ this is also called the “ Constitution Act ” . Often referred to as a mini constitution. So, this Amendment Act was one of the important Amendments of the constitution.
This AA affected the basic structure of the constitution.
It has also changed the balance of power between central and state government. And affected the federal nature of the state. And the federal structure of the constitution. By :
Amendment in preamble of constitution , added three words, socialist, secular , and integrity
And from the 7 th schedule of constitution , five state list subjects transferred into concurrent list subjects. Which were education, forest, protection of wild animals and birds , administration of justice & weight and measures. And Which affected the federal structure of India.
Of art. 368 of the constitution, increased parliament’s power to amend the constitution over state legislature and immune from judicial review. Which is an attempt to dominate the power of the state legislature on constitution amendment power.
The President can make law during an emergency without the consent of the state legislature.
Give priority to the DPSPs over fundamental rights.
Conclusion:-
See lessDue to its very crucial amendments in the constitution of laws related to state and state subjects it is often criticised as central government attempts to create an egalitarian and totalitarian society. And affecting the federal structure of India and increasing Central rule over state. But after the end of emergency further Amendment 43rd and 44th Amendment Acts were done and modified the emergency constitution.
Recent Criminal Laws in India
Potential Benefits Recent criminal laws in India aim to modernize the legal system, making it more effective and responsive. These reforms can streamline judicial processes, reduce delays, and improve access to justice for marginalized groups. New laws addressing cybercrime and gender-based violenceRead more
Potential Benefits
Recent criminal laws in India aim to modernize the legal system, making it more effective and responsive. These reforms can streamline judicial processes, reduce delays, and improve access to justice for marginalized groups. New laws addressing cybercrime and gender-based violence offer better protection for victims and reflect current societal issues. Enhanced punitive measures can deter crime, potentially lowering crime rates. Aligning with international standards boosts global confidence in India’s legal system, encouraging cooperation and investment.
Challenges
However, several challenges need addressing. Implementing new laws requires extensive training for law enforcement and judiciary members. There is a risk of misuse of stringent laws for personal or political gain. Ensuring fair and consistent application across diverse regions and populations is difficult. Adequate infrastructure and resources are needed to support enforcement and adjudication. Overcoming these challenges is essential to fully realize the benefits of the new criminal laws.
See lessWhat effects has the growth of digital technology had on Indian social norms and traditional cultural practices?
The growth of digital technology in India has significantly impacted social norms and traditional cultural practices. On one hand, it has facilitated greater connectivity and access to information, leading to more informed and empowered individuals. Social media platforms have become arenas for publRead more
The growth of digital technology in India has significantly impacted social norms and traditional cultural practices. On one hand, it has facilitated greater connectivity and access to information, leading to more informed and empowered individuals. Social media platforms have become arenas for public discourse, activism, and the dissemination of cultural content, thus democratizing the flow of information. This has also led to a blending of traditional and modern values, with younger generations increasingly adopting global cultural practices while still retaining elements of their heritage. However, the pervasive reach of digital technology has also disrupted traditional social structures. For example, the rise of online dating and social networking has changed the dynamics of relationships and courtship, challenging conventional norms around marriage and family. Moreover, digital platforms have influenced consumption patterns, with e-commerce and online entertainment altering traditional markets and leisure activities. There is also a concern about the digital divide, where unequal access to technology exacerbates social inequalities. Additionally, the erosion of privacy and the spread of misinformation are significant issues, affecting trust and societal cohesion. Overall, while digital technology has brought progress and modernization, it has also prompted a reevaluation of cultural practices and social norms in India.
See lessIndian constitutional amendment, women empowerment
The Indian written constitution acts as an armour in ensuring rights for females inside the country. Several changes made to the Indian constitution also played a vital role in empowering women. Here are some significant amendments: 73rd Amendment Act (1992): reserved one-third of seats for wRead more
The Indian written constitution acts as an armour in ensuring rights for females inside the country. Several changes made to the Indian constitution also played a vital role in empowering women. Here are some significant amendments:
Thus, collectively, these amendments are motivated by women’s empowerment and rights.
See lessBalancing Power: Federalism in the Indian Constitution and Its Challenges
Federalism, in simple terms, refers to the division of powers and responsibilities between the different forms of government. In the context of India, the terms show little variation. Instead of a complete separation of powers and responsibilities, certain powers are vested in both the central and sRead more
Federalism, in simple terms, refers to the division of powers and responsibilities between the different forms of government. In the context of India, the terms show little variation. Instead of a complete separation of powers and responsibilities, certain powers are vested in both the central and state governments. Thus, we could say that Indian federalism is cooperative federalism. To understand this better, one must know that the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution guarantees the division of powers between state and centre. Although the constitution doesn’t directly refer to the federal governance structure, the Seventh Schedule divides powers between the Union and states through three lists: the Union List (centre subjects), the State List (state subjects), and the Concurrent List (the central and state governments) (subjects). Thus, Indian federalism is a unique blend of federalism and unitarianism, thus safely referred to as a quasifederal system. This may sound impressive, but it does come with challenges.
See lesswesternization of education in India
Dravidian Influence and the Westernization of Education in India The Dravidian movement, primarily in South India, played a significant role in the westernization of education in India. The movement, rooted in social justice, anti-caste sentiments, and rationalism, sought to modernize and democratizRead more
Dravidian Influence and the Westernization of Education in India
The Dravidian movement, primarily in South India, played a significant role in the westernization of education in India. The movement, rooted in social justice, anti-caste sentiments, and rationalism, sought to modernize and democratize education, making it accessible to all, especially the marginalized communities.
Dravidian leaders emphasized the importance of English as a medium of instruction, believing it would provide broader opportunities and help bridge social divides. This shift facilitated the adoption of Western educational models, focusing on scientific temper, critical thinking, and secularism, moving away from traditional religious-based education.
The establishment of numerous schools and colleges under Dravidian governance promoted a curriculum that included Western literature, sciences, and philosophies, thereby integrating global perspectives into the Indian educational framework. Leaders like Periyar E.V. Ramasamy advocated for an educational system that challenged orthodoxies and promoted rationalist thought, aligning closely with Western ideals of enlightenment and progress.
This westernization process was further supported by educational policies that encouraged co-education, vocational training, and higher education in fields like engineering and medicine, which were influenced by Western pedagogical practices. Consequently, the Dravidian pattern of education significantly contributed to the modernization of the Indian education system, fostering a generation of learners equipped with a global outlook and modern skills.
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